{"id":33467,"date":"2024-06-23T18:08:10","date_gmt":"2024-06-23T16:08:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/?p=33467"},"modified":"2024-09-26T21:35:30","modified_gmt":"2024-09-26T19:35:30","slug":"paryziaus-mokyklos-litvaku-dailininkai-1900-1940","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/straipsniai\/paryziaus-mokyklos-litvaku-dailininkai-1900-1940\/","title":{"rendered":"PARY\u017dIAUS MOKYKLOS LITVAK\u0172 DAILININKAI (1900\u20131940)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;post_txt&#8221;]Niujorkas, 2024\u00a0m. baland\u017eio 22 d.<\/p>\n<h6>Esate \u017dyd\u0173 muziejaus Niujorke vyriausiasis kuratorius. \u010cia saugomos vertyb\u0117s, ekspozicijos, rengiamos parodos leid\u017eia susipa\u017einti viso pasaulio jud\u0117j\u0173, gyvenusi\u0173 ir tebegyvenan\u010di\u0173 \u012fvairiose \u0161alyse, istorija, kult\u016bra, menu. \u017dydai, kildinami i\u0161 buvusios Lietuvos Did\u017eiosios Kunigaik\u0161tyst\u0117s kult\u016brin\u0117s erdv\u0117s, vadinami litvakais. Galb\u016bt gal\u0117tum\u0117te pakomentuoti \u0161ios tautin\u0117s grup\u0117s ypatumus? Kaip manote, kokios istorin\u0117s, politin\u0117s ar etnin\u0117s s\u0105lygos suformavo ir nul\u0117m\u0117 litvako, kaip i\u0161skirtinio \u017eydo, charakter\u012f ir tapatyb\u0119?<\/h6>\n<p>Niujorko \u017eyd\u0173 muziejus, kurio pagrind\u0105 sudaro saugomos kolekcijos, parod\u0173 ir rengini\u0173 programos, nuo 1947\u00a0m. \u012fsik\u016br\u0119s buvusiuose Warburg\u0173 \u0161eimos namuose Penktojoje aveniu, \u0161iuo metu skai\u010diuoja 120-uosius veiklos metus. <!--more-->Pirmaisiais eksponatais tapo Amerikos \u017eyd\u0173 teologinei seminarijai apie 1904\u00a0m. padovanoti t\u016bkstan\u010diai heb\u00adraj\u0173 ir \u017eyd\u0173 knyg\u0173 bei rankra\u0161\u010di\u0173. V\u0117liau gauta ir kit\u0173 pasaulin\u0119 \u017eyd\u0173 kult\u016br\u0105 reprezentuojan\u010di\u0173 dovan\u0173, atspindin\u010di\u0173 a\u0161kenazi\u0173, mizrachi\u0173 ir sefard\u0173 tradicijas. Per Antr\u0105j\u012f pasaulin\u012f kar\u0105 \u012fvyk\u0119s l\u016b\u017eis ir Holokausto tragedija privert\u0117 rimtai pasir\u016bpinti judaikos i\u0161saugojimu. Po karo perk\u0117lus kolekcijas \u012f Warburg\u0173 namus, daugiausia d\u0117mesio skirta judaikai bei \u0161iuolaikiniam menui, kuriuo siekta sudominti Amerikos visuomen\u0119. Muziejus, kaip atminties i\u0161saugojimo vieta, puosel\u0117jo praeities, dabarties ir ateities t\u0119stinumo jausm\u0105 ir jo reik\u0161m\u0119 \u017eyd\u0173 kult\u016bros patyrimui.<\/p>\n<p>\u0160i diada\u00a0\u2013 archyvavimas \/ i\u0161saugojimas\u00a0\u2013 sklaida \/ \u0161iuolaiki\u0161kumas\u00a0\u2013 yra svarbus \u017dyd\u0173 muziejaus istorijos leitmotyvas. XX\u00a0a. devintajame de\u0161imtmetyje muziejus, bandydamas susieti svarbius meno istorijos fragmentus su \u017eyd\u0173 kult\u016bros kontekstu, pama\u017eu \u0117m\u0117 rengti program\u0105. Toki\u0173 parod\u0173 s\u0117km\u0119 i\u0161 dalies l\u0117m\u0117 iki tol ne\u012fprastas po\u017ei\u016brio kampas. Akivaizdu, \u0161iose parodose svarb\u0173 vaidmen\u012f atliko didieji Pary\u017eiaus mokyklos (1905\u20131945) dailininkai. Litvakai menininkai siek\u0117 i\u0161reik\u0161ti save kalbomis ir akcentais, reik\u0161mingai prisid\u0117jusiais prie pra\u0117jusio am\u017eiaus, kuriame susipyn\u0117 ekspresionizmas, formalizmas ir modernizmas, meno pasiekim\u0173. \u0160i\u0173 k\u016br\u0117j\u0173 istorinis p\u0117dsakas Pary\u017eiaus meno pasaulyje yra nei\u0161dildomas: \u017dyd\u0173 muziejuje ry\u0161kiausi min\u0117tos mokyklos litvak\u0173 dailininkai\u00a0\u2013 Marcas Chagallas ir Chaimas Soutine\u2019as, j\u0173 k\u016brybai pristatyti surengta po kelet\u0105 parod\u0173. Min\u0117t\u0173 meistr\u0173 nuopelnai nepaprastai svarb\u016bs \u012fvairioms pasaulio auditorijoms. J\u0173 darbai, entuziastingai vertinami kaip reprezentuojantys pasaulinio meno raid\u0105, neabejotinai yra vieni d\u017eiaugsmingiausi\u0173 ir tragi\u0161kiausi\u0173 i\u0161 vis\u0173 pra\u0117jusio \u0161imtme\u010dio tapytoj\u0173 k\u016brini\u0173.<\/p>\n<h6>Dauguma i\u0161 Ryt\u0173 ir Centrin\u0117s Europos emigravusi\u0173 \u017eyd\u0173, laikinai prisiglaudusi\u0173 ar apsigyvenusi\u0173 <em>La Ruche<\/em>, save kaip menininkus atrado b\u016btent Pary\u017eiuje. Kas tai? Atsitiktinumas, mistin\u0117 vieta ar tiesiog\u00a0\u2013 galimyb\u0117?<\/h6>\n<p>Be abejo, Pary\u017eius buvo XIX\u00a0a. meno ir kult\u016bros centras\u00a0\u2013 sostin\u0117, jeigu pasitelktume garsi\u0105j\u0105 Walterio Benjamino metafor\u0105. \u0160io miesto prana\u0161umas grind\u017eiamas XVIII\u00a0am\u017eiuje tvirtai paklotais meno tradicij\u0173 pagrindais. Monparnaso ir <em>La Ruche<\/em> meno bendruomen\u0117s traukai neabejotinai \u012ftakos dar\u0117 emigrant\u0173 tinklas, susiformav\u0119s stipr\u0117jant kult\u016briniams saitams, platesniems, atviresniems, netgi modernesniems nei impresionist\u0173 ir postimpresionist\u0173 pam\u0117gti kabaretai ar siauras Monmartro priemiestis<em> fin de si\u00e8cle<\/em> epochoje. Monparnaso bulvarai rod\u0117si atviri atei\u010diai. Kad ir kaip b\u016bt\u0173, ne\u012fprastas pastatas, \u012fsik\u016br\u0119s Dancigo pasa\u017ee, mitin\u0117 rotonda, vadinama <em>Aviliu<\/em>, daugeliui Ryt\u0173 Europos meninink\u0173 tapo \u017eiburiu \u0160viesos mieste.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column][vc_btn title=&#8221;Pirkti \u017eurnal\u0105&#8221; style=&#8221;classic&#8221; shape=&#8221;square&#8221; color=&#8221;white&#8221; link=&#8221;url:http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nemunas.press%2Fproduktas%2Fnemunas-nr-6-2024%2F&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Galima teigti, kad Niujorkas\u00a0\u2013 \u017eyd\u0173 meno glob\u0117jas. Ten saugoma \u012fvairi\u0173 istorini\u0173 laikotarpi\u0173 jud\u0117j\u0173 k\u016bryba, o litvakai u\u017eima ypating\u0105 viet\u0105, nes j\u0173 darbai reprezentuoja pasaulinio meno raid\u0105.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":33468,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_FSMCFIC_featured_image_caption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_nocaption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_hide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[602,148,110,606],"tags":[563],"class_list":["post-33467","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-2024-06","category-perkami_str","category-straipsniai","category-straipsniu-archyvas-2024","tag-vizualieji-menai"],"aioseo_notices":[],"wps_subtitle":"Stephen\u0105 Brown\u0105 kalbina Zigmas Kalesinskas","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33467","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33467"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33467\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33469,"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33467\/revisions\/33469"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/media\/33468"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33467"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33467"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33467"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}