{"id":31856,"date":"2023-04-25T12:53:11","date_gmt":"2023-04-25T10:53:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/?p=31856"},"modified":"2023-04-28T15:33:47","modified_gmt":"2023-04-28T13:33:47","slug":"visu-didziuju-meno-kuriniu-klastociu-paslaptis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/straipsniai\/visu-didziuju-meno-kuriniu-klastociu-paslaptis\/","title":{"rendered":"VIS\u0172 DID\u017dI\u0172J\u0172 MENO K\u016aRINI\u0172 KLASTO\u010cI\u0172 PASLAPTIS"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;post_txt&#8221;]\u201eKlastotojo pasakojime\u201c \u2013 naujuose nuteisto padirbin\u0117tojo Shauno Greenhalgho memuaruose\u00a0\u2013 autorius atskleid\u017eia, kad tai jis nutap\u0117 Leonardo da Vincio \u201eGra\u017ei\u0105j\u0105 princes\u0119\u201c (<em>La Bella Principessa<\/em>), kurios vert\u0117 siekia 100 milijon\u0173 JAV doleri\u0173, ir netgi prisipa\u017e\u012fsta \u0161\u012f paveiksl\u0105 suk\u016br\u0119s pagal prekybos centro kasinink\u0117s atvaizd\u0105.<\/p>\n<p>Jei S.\u00a0Greenhalgho teiginiai teisingi, kaip min\u0117tasis falsifikatas taip ilgai liko nepasteb\u0117tas? Kaip jis praspr\u016bdo pro daugelio meno istorik\u0173 ir tariam\u0173 ekspert\u0173 akis? Neabejotina, kad \u0161is suk\u010dius geb\u0117jo derinti puikius tapybos \u012fg\u016bd\u017eius su meno istorijos, med\u017eiag\u0173 bei technikos i\u0161manymu, ta\u010diau vien to neb\u016bt\u0173 pakak\u0119 apgauti tiek daug \u017einov\u0173.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Kiekvieno didesnio pra\u0117jusio \u0161imtme\u010dio falsifikavimo skandalo centre buvo toks \u017emogus kaip Greenhalghas, kuris ne tik sugeb\u0117jo sukurti labai \u012ftikinam\u0105 klastot\u0119, bet ir suprato, kaip \u012fsiskverbti \u012f pa\u010dias \u017eini\u0173 sistemas, meno pasaulio naudojamas atribucijai bei autenti\u0161kumui nustatyti.<\/p>\n<p>SISTEMINIS PO\u017dI\u016aRIS<\/p>\n<p>Tikri meno \u017einovai\u00a0\u2013 tai ekspertai, gebantys \u012f\u017evelgti k\u016brinio kokyb\u0119 ir autoryst\u0119. Meno ekspertiz\u0117s pradininku laikomas ital\u0173 gydytojas Giovannis Morellis, rusi\u0161ku Ivano Lemorlieffo slapyvard\u017eiu \u0117m\u0119s skelbti es\u0117 vokie\u010di\u0173 kalba, si\u016blydamas intuicija pagr\u012fst\u0105 vertinim\u0105.<\/p>\n<p>Ankstesniuose metoduose buvo pabr\u0117\u017eiama ikonografija, t.\u00a0y. vaizd\u0173 prasm\u0117s tyrimas. Vietoj to Morellis suman\u0117 sistem\u0105, kuri pradedantiems vertintojams suteik\u0117 racional\u0173, moksli\u0161kai pagr\u012fst\u0105 b\u016bd\u0105 k\u016brinio savyb\u0117ms nustatyti. \u0160is metodas\u00a0\u2013 daugiausia d\u0117mesio skiriant tokioms ma\u017eai pastebimoms detal\u0117ms kaip aus\u0173 ir rank\u0173 atvaizdavimas\u00a0\u2013 labai priklaus\u0117 nuo eksperto geb\u0117jimo perskaityti menkiausias u\u017euominas, kad b\u016bt\u0173 galima atskleisti platesnes reik\u0161mes.<\/p>\n<p>\u0160i nepasteb\u0117t\u0173 bruo\u017e\u0173 \u012f\u017evalgos technika tur\u0117jo \u012ftakos Sigmundui Freudui, suk\u016brusiam sap\u00adn\u0173 ai\u0161kinimo metodik\u0105, ir sero Arthuro Conano Doyle\u2019io \u0160erlokui Holmsui, detektyvui, nusikaltimus tirdavusiam ie\u0161kant u\u017euomin\u0173, pavyzd\u017eiui, unikalios kiekvieno \u017emogaus ausies formos.<\/p>\n<p>Dabartin\u0117 meninink\u0173 bei meno k\u016brini\u0173 atpa\u017einimo sistema taip pat skolinga Carlo Linn\u00e6aus taksonomijai, kurios \u0161aknys gl\u016bdi \u201er\u016b\u0161inio egzemplioriaus\u201c s\u0105vokoje, t.\u00a0y. id\u0117joje, kad kiekvienai augal\u0173 r\u016b\u0161iai botanikos archyve saugomas vienas vienintelis i\u0161d\u017eiovintas egzempliorius. Archyvin\u0117 versija apibr\u0117\u017eia, kaip ta r\u016b\u0161is tur\u0117t\u0173 atrodyti.<\/p>\n<p>Meno pasaulyje tipinio pavyzd\u017eio atitikmuo yra negin\u010dytinas k\u016brinys, paprastai saugomas muziejuje, \u012f kur\u012f privalo lygiuotis visi kiti pretendentai \u012f t\u0105 pa\u010di\u0105 atribucij\u0105.<\/p>\n<p>SUTEIKTI EKSPERTAMS TAI, KO JIE PRA\u0160O<\/p>\n<p>Garsusis XX\u00a0a. klastotojas Hanas van Meegerenas ne syk\u012f patyr\u0117 nes\u0117km\u0119, siekdamas savo padirbt\u0173 Jano Vermeerio paveiksl\u0173 autoryst\u0117s pripa\u017einimo, ta\u010diau 1937\u00a0m. jam tai galiausiai \u012fsp\u016bdingai pavyko, kai vyriausiasis ekspertas Abrahamas Bredius patvirtino van Meegereno falsifikato \u201eKristus ir jo mokiniai prie Emauso\u201c autenti\u0161kum\u0105.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column][vc_btn title=&#8221;Pirkti \u017eurnal\u0105&#8221; style=&#8221;classic&#8221; shape=&#8221;square&#8221; color=&#8221;white&#8221; link=&#8221;url:http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nemunas.press%2Fproduktas%2Fnemunas-nr-4-2023%2F&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Postmodernizmo polink\u012f kopijuoti savo tekste pastebi ir Kirillas Kobrinas, o \u0161is straipsnis pasakoja apie aistr\u0105 apgaudin\u0117ti taip, kad kabliuk\u0105 praryt\u0173 tiek meno kritikai, tiek ekspertai, tiek istorikai.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":31857,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_FSMCFIC_featured_image_caption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_nocaption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_hide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[558,148,110,553],"tags":[247],"class_list":["post-31856","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-2023-04","category-perkami_str","category-straipsniai","category-straipsniu-archyvas-2023","tag-daile"],"aioseo_notices":[],"wps_subtitle":"Jeffrey Taylor | vert\u0117 Viktorija Sab","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31856","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31856"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31856\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31864,"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31856\/revisions\/31864"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/media\/31857"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31856"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31856"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31856"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}