{"id":31741,"date":"2023-03-23T19:05:02","date_gmt":"2023-03-23T17:05:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/?p=31741"},"modified":"2023-03-23T19:05:02","modified_gmt":"2023-03-23T17:05:02","slug":"dziazo-negroje-gigantai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/straipsniai\/dziazo-negroje-gigantai\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u017dIAZO NEGROJ\u0118 GIGANTAI"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;post_txt&#8221;]<em>Louisas Armstrongas, Duke\u2019as Ellingtonas, Charlie\u2019is Parkeris, Milesas Davisas&#8230; \u0160i\u0173 d\u017eiazo genij\u0173 vardus \u017eino net ir \u017eanrui abejingieji ar prie\u0161i\u0161kai nusiteikusieji. Jie buvo svarbiausi\u0173 d\u017eiazo stili\u0173 flagmanai, simboliai, kiekvieno kuri\u0173 \u012fdirbis \u017eenkliai paveik\u0117 min\u0117tosios muzikos raid\u0105. Ta\u010diau lig\u0161iolin\u0119 \u017eanro istorij\u0105 ra\u0161\u0117 ne vien muzik\u0173 talentas, k\u016brybin\u0117 galia. B\u016bta nema\u017eai i\u0161kili\u0173 asmenybi\u0173, nesugrojusi\u0173 n\u0117 vienos natos, bet b\u016btent d\u0117l j\u0173 nuoseklios veiklos, pastang\u0173 d\u017eiazas \u012fsivirtino ir s\u0117kmingai gyvuoja iki \u0161iol. Tai d\u017eiazo misionieriai\u00a0\u2013 prodiuseriai, impresarijai, festivali\u0173 organizatoriai, kritikai, radijo laid\u0173 ved\u0117jai, \u012fra\u0161\u0173 leidybos firm\u0173 savininkai. Kiekvienas j\u0173 vertas ne tik pamin\u0117jimo, bet ir trumpos pagrindini\u0173 veiklos gairi\u0173 ap\u017evalgos.<\/em><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Tai buvo \u016bmus, subjektyvus \u017emogus, ta\u010diau jo nuomon\u0119 auk\u0161tai vertino ne vien d\u017eiazmenai. Jo d\u0117ka garsenyb\u0117mis tapo Bobas Dylanas, Bruce\u2019as Springsteenas, Aretha Franklin ir kt. XX\u00a0a. ketvirtajame de\u0161imtmetyje b\u016btent jo pa\u017ei\u016bros ir veikla suteik\u0117 galing\u0105 post\u016bm\u012f svingo stiliui \u012fsitvirtinti bei dominuoti. Jis pasteb\u0117jo ir nuosekliai globojo Billie Holiday, Benny\u2019\u012f Goodman\u0105, Count\u0105 Basie\u2019\u012f, Benny\u2019\u012f Carter\u012f, Teddy\u2019\u012f Willson\u0105 bei daugel\u012f kit\u0173 svingo eros korif\u0117j\u0173.<\/p>\n<p>Kalbu apie <strong>John\u0105 Hammond\u0105<\/strong> (1910\u20131987)\u00a0\u2013 vien\u0105 i\u0161kiliausi\u0173 asmenybi\u0173 d\u017eiazo istorijoje. Prodiuser\u012f, impresarij\u0173, publicist\u0105, radijo laid\u0173 ved\u0117j\u0105. Jis gim\u0117 Niujorke, itin pasiturin\u010dioje \u0161eimoje. \u012egijo solid\u0173 i\u0161silavinim\u0105, ta\u010diau nuo pat ankstyvos jaunyst\u0117s akademin\u0117 aplinka Johnui buvo svetima\u00a0\u2013 vaikinas \u017eav\u0117josi Harlemo kult\u016bra.<\/p>\n<p>1932-aisiais, jau b\u016bdamas pripa\u017eintu radijo laid\u0173 ved\u0117ju bei koncert\u0173 organizatoriumi, Johnas \u012ftikino bendrov\u0117s \u201eColumbia\u201c vadovyb\u0119 i\u0161leisti pirm\u0105j\u0105 Fletcherio Hendersono plok\u0161tel\u0119. Tai jo pastangos l\u0117m\u0117, kad susib\u016br\u0117 Benny\u2019io Goodmano orkestras, kuriam aran\u017euotes kurti sutiko F.\u00a0Hendersonas. Prasid\u0117jo svingo era. 1934\u20131941\u00a0m. J.\u00a0Hammondas daug nuveik\u0117 ra\u0161ydamas d\u017eiazo temomis presti\u017einiam \u017eurnalui \u201eDownBeat\u201c, brit\u0173 leidiniams \u201eMelody Maker\u201c ir \u201eThe Gramophone\u201c. 1938\u20131939\u00a0m. garsiojoje \u201eCarnegie Hall\u201c reng\u0117 pirmuosius d\u017eiazo istorijoje koncert\u0173 ciklus \u201eFrom Spiritual to Swing\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Apibendrindamas savo veikl\u0105 Johnas teig\u0117: \u201eMuzikos industrijoje mano pagrindinis tikslas buvo i\u0161taisyti skriaudas, kurias patyr\u0117 d\u017eiazas bei tamsiaod\u017eiai amerikie\u010diai.\u201c Tam pasiekti vienas \u017eymiausi\u0173 d\u017eiazo misionieri\u0173 skyr\u0117 ne tik vis\u0105 savo energij\u0105, bet ir l\u0117\u0161as&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Normano Granzo<\/strong> (1918\u20132002) veikla d\u017eiazui buvo ne ma\u017eiau svarbi, ta\u010diau komerciniai sugeb\u0117jimai jam pad\u0117jo dar ir gerokai praturt\u0117ti. Normanas gim\u0117 Los And\u017eele, d\u017eiazu susidom\u0117jo studijuodamas universitete. 1942-aisiais tap\u0119s bir\u017eos makleriu Beverli Hilse prad\u0117jo organizuoti sekmadieninius<em> jam sessions<\/em>, kuriuose noriai dalyvaudavo jo bi\u010diuliai\u00a0\u2013 Lesteris Youngas ir Natas \u201eKing\u201c Cole\u2019as.<\/p>\n<p>1946-aisiais Los And\u017eelo filharmonijos sal\u0117je sureng\u0117 pirm\u0105j\u012f koncert\u0105 \u201eJazz At The Philharmonic\u201c, tapus\u012f keliolika met\u0173 trukusio reik\u0161mingo rei\u0161kinio prad\u017eia. Iki tol d\u017eiazas skamb\u0117davo tik klubuose, baruose, \u0161oki\u0173 sal\u0117se. N.\u00a0Granzo d\u0117ka d\u017eiaz\u0105 \u012fsileido ir akademinei muzikai skirtos erdv\u0117s.<\/p>\n<p>\u0160iuose <em>jam sessions<\/em> artimuose koncertuose visuomet dalyvaudavo skirting\u0173 d\u017eiazo stili\u0173 \u017evaig\u017ed\u0117s: Louisas Armstrongas, Dizzy\u2019is Gillespie\u2019is, Roy\u2019us Eldridge\u2019as, Artas Tatumas, Charlie\u2019is Parkeris, Oscaras Petersonas ir kt. Beje, pastar\u0105j\u012f kanadiet\u012f atrado ir i\u0161garsino b\u016btent Normanas. Plat\u0173 pripa\u017einim\u0105 jis peln\u0117 ir b\u016bdamas legendin\u0117s vokalist\u0117s Ellos Fitzgerald prodiuseriu bei vadybininku.<\/p>\n<p>1946-aisiais N.\u00a0Granzas \u012fk\u016br\u0117 savo pirm\u0105j\u0105 plok\u0161teli\u0173 leidybos firm\u0105 \u201eClef Records\u201c, po septyneri\u0173 met\u0173 dar vien\u0105\u00a0\u2013 \u201eNorgran Records\u201c, o 1956-aisiais veikl\u0105 prad\u0117jo garsioji \u201eVerve Records\u201c. 1960\u00a0m. amerikietis apsigyveno \u0160veicarijoje, prad\u0117jo kolekcionuoti tapybos \u0161edevrus, tapo gausiausios pasaulyje Pablo Picasso paveiksl\u0173 kolekcijos savininku. 1973-aisiais pagerbdamas savo gars\u0173j\u012f bi\u010diul\u012f \u012fk\u016br\u0117 jo vardu pavadint\u0105 leidybin\u0119 firm\u0105 \u201ePab\u00adlo Records\u201c, gyvavusi\u0105 15 met\u0173.<\/p>\n<p>1954-aisiais klestin\u010dios tabako gamini\u0173 bendrov\u0117s savininkui Livingstonui Lorillardui kilo mintis finansuoti d\u017eiazo festival\u012f Niuporte, kuriame kasmet praleisdavo kelis vasaros m\u0117nesius. U\u017eduot\u012f j\u012f suorganizuoti turtuolis patik\u0117jo jaunam d\u017eiazo entuziastui<strong> George\u2019ui Weinui<\/strong> (1925\u20132021). Dvi dienas trukusiame koncert\u0173 maratone dalyvavo 65 \u017eymiausios d\u017eiazo \u017evaig\u017ed\u0117s. Taip gim\u0117 \u201eNewport Jazz\u201c\u00a0\u2013 vienas svarbiausi\u0173 pasaulyje \u0161io \u017eanro festivali\u0173. \u201eNewport Jazz\u201c tapo etalonu, atskaitos ta\u0161ku daugybei kit\u0173 tokio pob\u016bd\u017eio fiest\u0173. Nekyla abejoni\u0173, kad po penkiolikos met\u0173 G.\u00a0Weino \u012fdirbiu bei patirtimi pasinaudojo net ir Vudstoko festivalio reng\u0117jai.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column][vc_btn title=&#8221;Pirkti \u017eurnal\u0105&#8221; style=&#8221;classic&#8221; shape=&#8221;square&#8221; color=&#8221;white&#8221; link=&#8221;url:http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nemunas.press%2Fproduktas%2Fnemunas-nr-3-2023%2F&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Plati ir i\u0161sami ap\u017evalga apie pasaulio d\u017eiazo misionierius \u2013 prodiuserius, impresarijus, festivali\u0173 organizatorius, kritikus, radijo laid\u0173 ved\u0117jus, \u012fra\u0161\u0173 leidybos firm\u0173 savininkus, kuri\u0173 d\u0117ka dabar turime mil\u017eini\u0161k\u0105 geriausi\u0173 d\u017eiazo atlik\u0117j\u0173 istorijos archyv\u0105.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":31742,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_FSMCFIC_featured_image_caption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_nocaption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_hide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[555,148,110,553],"tags":[124],"class_list":["post-31741","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-2023-03","category-perkami_str","category-straipsniai","category-straipsniu-archyvas-2023","tag-muzika"],"aioseo_notices":[],"wps_subtitle":"Alfredas Kukaitis","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31741","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31741"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31741\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31743,"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31741\/revisions\/31743"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/media\/31742"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31741"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31741"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31741"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}