{"id":29062,"date":"2021-05-20T17:25:55","date_gmt":"2021-05-20T15:25:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/?p=29062"},"modified":"2023-02-25T17:52:10","modified_gmt":"2023-02-25T15:52:10","slug":"operos-spindesys-ir-aukos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/straipsniai\/operos-spindesys-ir-aukos\/","title":{"rendered":"OPEROS SPINDESYS IR AUKOS"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;post_txt&#8221;]<em>Favola pastorale, dramma musicale, festa teatrale, rappresentazione&#8230;<\/em> Neabejoju, kad \u0161iandien daugeliui tai yra niekada negird\u0117ti terminai. Ta\u010diau taip skirtingu metu siekta \u012fvardinti \u017eanr\u0105, kur\u012f n\u016bnai \u017einome kaip oper\u0105. Per daugiau nei 400 met\u0173 sukurta ma\u017edaug 50 t\u016bkst. oper\u0173, i\u0161 kuri\u0173 \u0161iais laikais pastatoma gal keliasde\u0161imt. Opera\u00a0\u2013 tai vakaryk\u0161t\u0117 muzika u\u017evakaryk\u0161\u010diame teatre&#8230; Ar bent taip teig\u0117 \u017eymiausi pra\u0117jusi\u0173 epoch\u0173 autoritetai.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Brit\u0173 dirigento Raymondo Leppardo nuosprendis: \u201eOpera yra nuostabiausia ir tuo pat metu juokingiausia, neprakti\u0161kiausia meno r\u016b\u0161is.\u201c Dar 1741\u00a0m. pranc\u016bz\u0173 humanistas, publicistas, kritikas R\u00e9mond\u2019as de Saint-Mard\u2019as ra\u0161\u0117, kad opera yra tarsi itin gra\u017ei, \u017eavi moteris\u00a0\u2013 \u012fnoringa, kvaila, bet jos ignoruoti ne\u012fmanoma. Praeityje garsiausios \u012f\u017eymyb\u0117s ne kart\u0105 skelb\u0117, jog opera\u00a0\u2013 atgyvena, ta\u010diau ji gyva iki \u0161iol. Kod\u0117l?<\/p>\n<p>I\u0161kart prisipa\u017einsiu, kad man opera n\u0117ra svetimyb\u0117. Augau Kauno muzikinio teatro solisto \u0161eimoje. Tuo metu teatro repertuare dominavo b\u016btent operos, o ne operet\u0117s ar miuziklai. Kasdien ma\u010diau t\u0117vo (dramatinio tenoro) gyvensen\u0105. Pabud\u0119s pasiklausydavo \u012fra\u0161\u0173. Mityba\u00a0\u2013 kefyras ir var\u0161k\u0117. Spektaklio dien\u0105 (o i\u0161eigin\u0117s b\u016bdavo itin retai) kelias valandas gul\u0117davo, tada apie valand\u0105 vaik\u0161tin\u0117davo \u0104\u017euolyne. Po pasirodymo tikr\u0105ja \u0161io \u017eod\u017eio prasme gri\u016bdavo \u012f lov\u0105. Ir taip kasdien. Tiesa, operos istorijoje b\u016bta ir kitoki\u0173 atvej\u0173. \u0160tai legendinis Enrico\u2019as Caruso\u2019as gerkl\u0117s inhaliacijoms naudojo tabako ir alkoholio mi\u0161inius&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Taip, opera yra labai keistas, sunkiai suvokiamas rei\u0161kinys. Scenoje\u00a0\u2013 itin \u017eymios, jau pensinio am\u017eiaus sulaukusios garsenyb\u0117s. Apie k\u016bn\u0173 proporcijas net neverta u\u017esiminti. Apie aktorinius geb\u0117jimus\u00a0\u2013 taip pat. Ta\u010diau \u0161iems \u017emon\u0117ms tenka \u012ftikinti mus, kad jie, pavyzd\u017eiui, a\u0161tuoniolikme\u010diai. Dar didesnis <em>nonsensas<\/em>, kai kviestin\u0117s \u017evaig\u017ed\u0117s dainuoja skirtingomis kalbomis: pagrindin\u0117s partijos atlik\u0117jas\u00a0\u2013 \u0161vedi\u0161kai ar ispani\u0161kai, kiti\u00a0\u2013 itali\u0161kai, o choras\u00a0\u2013 rusi\u0161kai ar lietuvi\u0161kai.<\/p>\n<p>Tai atrodo keista, bet praeityje operos publikai svarbiau buvo lo\u0161ti kortomis, megzti vienokias ar kitokias intrigas, atvirai poruotis (taip\u00a0\u2013 seksas!), gerti vyn\u0105, leisti laik\u0105 \u201eklubin\u0117je\u201c aplinkoje. Tai buvo socialinio gyvenimo rai\u0161ka; muzikai tekdavo vien fono vaidmuo. Buvo \u012fprasta rim\u010diau suklusti tik skambant i\u0161skirtinei arijai. Tokiais atvejais klausytojai reikalaudavo biso (neretai\u00a0\u2013 keli\u0173). Jei to nepakakdavo, persona\u017eai, vilkintys, tarkim, gnom\u0173 kostiumais, \u012fstumdavo fortepijon\u0105 ir suskamb\u0117davo tai, kas anuomet b\u016bdavo populiaru. Po to spektaklis t\u0119sdavosi.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column][vc_btn title=&#8221;Pirkti \u017eurnal\u0105&#8221; style=&#8221;classic&#8221; shape=&#8221;square&#8221; color=&#8221;white&#8221; link=&#8221;url:http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nemunas.press%2Fproduktas%2Fnemunas-nr-05-2021%2F|||&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column][vc_column_text][\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Renesanso laikais nusprendus atkurti antikin\u012f teatr\u0105, atsirado operos \u017eanras. Nuo tada opera patyr\u0117 daug nuotyki\u0173: egzistavo net kastrat\u0173 institutas, nes dailiosios lyties artist\u0117ms draud\u017eiant pasirodyti scenoje reik\u0117jo atlik\u0117j\u0173, kurie atlikt\u0173 moteri\u0161kas partijas, o kai kuri\u0173 oper\u0173 pastatymai pareikalavo kone metinio valstyb\u0117s biud\u017eeto. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":29065,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_FSMCFIC_featured_image_caption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_nocaption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_hide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[465,148,110,549],"tags":[124],"class_list":["post-29062","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-2021-05","category-perkami_str","category-straipsniai","category-straipsniu-archyvas-2021","tag-muzika"],"aioseo_notices":[],"wps_subtitle":"Alfredas Kukaitis","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29062","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29062"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29062\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29064,"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29062\/revisions\/29064"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/media\/29065"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29062"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29062"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nemunas.press\/wm-api\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29062"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}